What Does a Cosmetologist Do? Skills, Training, and Career Paths

     Cosmetology is a diverse field characterized by a broad range of beauty services. The profession goes beyond traditional hairstyling, encompassing the aesthetic well-being of clients. 

What does a cosmetologist do? These trained and licensed professionals possess skills that integrate the art and science of cosmetic and beauty treatments. Certified cosmetologists are trained in hairstyling, makeup application, skin care, nail care, and more. They must complete a state-approved cosmetology program and pass the required state licensing exam(s), which may include a written, practical, or both, depending on state regulations.

What Are the Qualifications of a Cosmetologist?

A career in cosmetology is an exciting endeavor that requires a specific set of skills and qualifications to ensure proficiency and alignment with beauty industry standards. To become a cosmetologist, individuals must meet certain key requirements*: 

• Age Minimums—Some states require cosmetology school applicants to be a certain age, often at least 16 years old, to enroll. This minimum age requirement differs from state to state. 
• High School Diploma or GED—A foundational education, often a high school diploma or GED, is typically required to enroll in a cosmetology program. 
• Completion of a Licensed Cosmetology Program—Prospective cosmetologists must complete a state-approved cosmetology program covering a wide range of beauty services and incorporating both theoretical knowledge and hands-on training. 
• Licensing and Certification—After completing a cosmetology program, individuals must obtain a state cosmetology license. Licensing requirements vary by state and involve passing written and practical exams to demonstrate knowledge and skills. 
• Continuing Education for License Renewal—Cosmetologists often engage in continuing education to renew their license periodically. In many states, continuing education is required every two years. Some employers may also require their workers to stay updated on techniques, trends, and health and safety standards. 
• Optional Specialized Certifications—Some cosmetologists choose additional certifications in specific areas, such as advanced skincare, hair color specialties, or nail techniques. While not mandatory, these certifications can enhance a cosmetologist’s expertise and marketability. 

Ultimately, progressing toward becoming a cosmetologist involves an ongoing commitment to education, training, and professional development.

*Requirements vary by state. Please visit your state’s cosmetology or barbering board website for complete details.

What Makes an Effective Cosmetologist?

Finding success as a cosmetologist requires more than meeting state qualifications. A unique blend of skills, traits, and technical proficiency forms the backbone of the craft and establishes a solid foundation for the career.

Creativity

Cosmetology is an art. Effective cosmetologists harness imagination and creativity that allows them to create unique and personalized looks for their clients. From mastering color theory to staying inspired by fashion and cultural trends, creativity drives innovation and sets great professionals apart. It’s not just about following a formula—it’s about bringing a vision to life with skill, passion, and originality.

Attention to Detail

Precision is paramount. Attention to detail ensures that every haircut, color application, and treatment is executed meticulously for the desired outcome. 

Communication 

Clear communication is key. Effective cosmetologists actively listen, ask questions, keep good records, and take the time to understand their clients’ needs and desires. They also communicate their expertise to foster trust and collaboration with their clients. As a vital soft skill, strong communication enhances client satisfaction, builds loyalty, and ensures clarity in delivering services. 

Dexterity

A cosmetologist’s hands are their primary tools. Dexterity is essential for the intricacies of hairstyling and beauty treatments, particularly for services that require greater precision and skill. 

Adaptability

The beauty industry is dynamic. To keep up with evolving trends and techniques, and to maintain relevance within the industry, cosmetologists should continuously hone their skills and adapt to new styles. Continued education hours help support this growth by offering opportunities to learn new techniques and expand expertise.

Customer Service 

A client-focused approach is crucial. Effective cosmetologists prioritize customer comfort and satisfaction by creating a positive and enjoyable experience that builds lasting client relationships and keeps clients coming back. This requires a blend of soft skills, like communication and empathy, and hard skills, such as technical precision and service execution.

Sanitation

Cleanliness is non-negotiable in the beauty industry. Effective cosmetologists follow strict sanitation protocols to ensure the safety of their clients and themselves. Maintaining a clean work environment not only prevents the spread of infections but also builds client trust and reflects professionalism and attention to detail—critical qualities in this field.

Technical Knowledge

Technical skills and knowledge are crucial for a cosmetologist. These skills enable a professional to transform a creative vision into a reality. Effective cosmetologists demonstrate competence in:

• Haircutting: Various haircutting techniques, trends, and skills help cosmetologists create styles tailored to a variety of preferences and trends. 
• Coloring: An understanding of color theory, application techniques, and color chemistry is vital for skilled color services. 
• Hairstyling: A core skill that showcases creativity, builds client trust, and drives repeat business through personalized, professional results.
• Makeup Application: Cosmetologists should develop skills to enhance various complexions and facial features through makeup application for a myriad of occasions. 
• Skincare Treatments: Knowledge of facials, exfoliation, and product application helps cosmetologists support each individual client’s skincare needs. 

What Are Some of the Career Paths for Cosmetologists?

Careers in cosmetology can follow different paths, each with its own opportunity for creativity and specialization. Potential career trajectories range from taking initial steps in the industry to advancing to the pinnacle of the profession. As cosmetologists progress in their careers, they have the flexibility to evolve in the dynamic beauty industry, based on their interests and passions. 

1. Hair Stylist

Many cosmetologists choose to specialize as hair stylists, focusing on the art of cutting, coloring, and styling hair. These professionals may work in salons or spas, or even establish their own private studio. 

2. Makeup Artist

The world of makeup artistry allows cosmetologists to showcase their skills to create stunning makeup looks for various occasions. These professionals can excel in enhancing facial features, often choosing a niche industry such as wedding, commercial, or entertainment.

3. Esthetician

Specialization as an esthetician involves enhanced knowledge and skills in skin care. Cosmetologists pursuing this path offer skincare consultations, facials, body treatments, and hair removal.

4. Nail Technician

A career as a nail technician involves the art of manicures, pedicures, and various nail enhancements. Professional nail technicians can work in salons and spas, specializing in nail care or nail art techniques, or run their own nail-focused studio. 

5. Business Owner

Becoming a salon or spa owner is rewarding for cosmetologists with entrepreneurial aspirations. Owning a wellness or beauty establishment involves managing and overseeing the operations and collaborating with other professionals or cosmetologists. 

6. Educator

Experienced cosmetologists can share their knowledge by becoming educators. By conducting workshops, shaping courses, or teaching in a formal cosmetology school, these educators play an important role in leading the next generation of beauty professionals.

7. Editorial and Fashion

Diving into editorial and fashion work allows cosmetologists to collaborate on runway shows, photo shoots, and commercial work with models and entertainers. These professionals often have an opportunity to showcase their creativity on a broader stage. 

Completion of a program at a Paul Mitchell franchise school does not guarantee employment or career success.

Where Does a Cosmetologist Work? 

Cosmetologists can work in a variety of spaces, which can be influenced by their personal interests, goals, and desires for a particular professional experience. 

Salons and Spas

Responsibilities: Cosmetologists in salons and spas perform a variety of services, including hairstyling, makeup application, skin care, and nail care. 
Industry Specifics: This is one of the most prevalent workplaces for cosmetologists, offering a steady stream of clients seeking diverse services. Competition can be high in popular salons, emphasizing the importance of establishing a client base and honing skills for success. 

Freelancing Spaces

Responsibilities: Freelancing allows cosmetologists to work independently, renting a chair or booth in an established space or offering services on location for specific clients or events. 
Industry Specifics: Because it offers greater autonomy and flexibility, freelancing is gaining popularity among cosmetologists. Success as a freelancer often hinges on building a personal brand and developing successful marketing strategies to build a career.

Media and Entertainment Studios

Responsibilities: In media industries, cosmetologists contribute to the aesthetics of film, television, fashion, and photography to create looks for different projects. 
Industry Specifics: Landing gigs in media and entertainment often demands a combination of talent, creativity, and networking prowess. Entry into this competitive field may require building a strong portfolio and making valuable connections. 

Resorts and Cruise Ships

Responsibilities: Cosmetologists working in resorts or on cruise ships cater to travelers seeking relaxation or pampering. 
Industry Specifics: These roles can be competitive due to the allure of working in exotic or upscale locations. Cosmetologists can gain a competitive edge by developing specialized skills, certifications, and excellent customer service skills. 

Education and Product Development

Responsibilities: Experienced cosmetologists may advance into education, training future professionals, or working with product and brand partners to develop or demonstrate new techniques and tools.
Industry Specifics: Opportunities include working for professional brands, joining education teams, becoming a platform artist, or serving as a brand ambassador or consultant.

Entrepreneurship and Business Ownership

Responsibilities: Many cosmetologists pursue entrepreneurship, opening their own salon, suite, or mobile beauty business.
Industry Specifics: Ownership provides full creative and operational control but also requires business planning, marketing, and leadership skills to ensure long-term success.

Specialized Settings

Responsibilities: Collaborating with medical professionals, cosmetologists can work in medical spas, dermatology clinics, or rehabilitation centers to address specific wellness or beauty needs.
Industry Specifics: Positions in specialized settings can require additional certifications and training, especially for environments that demand more knowledge on health and wellness, but these career trajectories can be incredibly rewarding for cosmetologists interested in more niche opportunities.

Become a Cosmetologist

Ready to explore a career in cosmetology? The cosmetology program offered by Paul Mitchell franchise schools offers an education program designed to prepare students with the necessary skills for the dynamic field of beauty and wellness. 

Our focused curriculum provides our graduates the tools they need to set off on the right foot toward the career of their choice. The Paul Mitchell Schools cosmetology program includes classroom instruction, skill development, and hands-on experience to help students on the path toward licensure. Learn more about the Paul Mitchell Schools network and find a cosmetology program near you.